State and Revolution in Finland

Table of Contents



Acknowledgements

Maps, Tables and Figures



1 The Formation of a Small Polity

1 The Problem

2 A Comparative Perspective

3 What Is to Be Explained

4 Plan of the Book



Part 1 State-Making and the Class Structure

2 Dominant Groups and State-Making

1 The Early Nineteenth Century

2 Economic Integration

3 The Late Nineteenth Century



3 The Agrarian Class Structure and Industrial Workers

1 The Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions in Finland

2 Freeholding Peasants and Agrarian Workers

3 The Link Between Industrial and Agrarian Workers

4 Crofters



4 Territorial Integration

1 Finnish Regions up to 1809

2 Reorientation from Stockholm to St. Petersburg

3 Territorial Integration in the Late Nineteenth Century

4 Core-Periphery Interaction - the County of Viipuri and Eastern Finland

5 South-Western Finland as a Core Region

6 Declining Ostrobothnia

7 Division of Labour and State Penetration in Northern Finland

8 Summary



Part 2 National Integration and Class Integration

5 Finnish Nationalism

1 The Dual Nature of Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Europe

2 Finland in a European Perspective

3 The Consolidation of a National Culture

4 Conclusion



6 Before the Revolution: Organisation, Mobilisation, and the Role of Russia

1 Early Mass Organisation

2 The Finno-Russian Conflict

3 The General Strike of 1905, Parliamentary Reform, and the Rise of Agrarian Socialism



7 Regional Consolidation of Party Support

1 Regions as Loci of Party Systems

2 The South-Western Core Region

3 The County of Viipuri

4 Ostrobothnia

5 Eastern Finland

6 Northern Finland

7 Conclusions



Part 3 The Abortive Revolution

8 On Preconditions for Revolutionary Situations



9 The Abortive Revolution of 1917-1918

1 Socialists within the Polity

2 The Rise of Multiple Sovereignty

3 The Revolutionary Situation

4 The Aftermath

5 The Social and Regional Basis for the Revolution

6 On the Character of the Finnish Revolution

7 Breakdown of Society or Contest for State Power?



10 State and Nation after the Failed Revolution

1 The Failed Revolution and the Nation

2 The Persistence of the Volcanic Model of the Finnish Revolution

3 On the State, the Nation, and Class Balance

4 The Lapua Movement, 1930-2

5 The Mass Movement and the Dominant Classes in Finnish Fascism



Part 4 The Finnish State and Revolution in a European Perspective

11 Eastern European Revolutionary Movements

1 National Movements in the Baltic Provinces

2 Revolution in the Baltic Provinces, 1905 and 1917-18

3 Challenges in East-Central Europe

4 Fascism in Eastern Europe



12 The Formation of Finland in Europe

1 Economic Consolidation

2 The Formation of State and Nation

3 Political Organisation and Mobilisation before 1917

4 Revolutionary Situations in Small European Polities

5 State and Revolution in Finland



Postscript to the Second Edition

1 A Personal Note

2 A Recapitulation

3 The Reception of the Comparative Perspective

4 Structures and Act