The Handbook on the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) prepared by the Secretariat of the Committee for Development Policy. It responds to the need to make the methods and approaches used in the identification of LDCs, and the international support measures available to them, known to a wide range of stakeholders. The 4th edition builds upon the 2018 edition, and has been updated to reflect recent developments in the LDC category, including the progress of several countries towards graduation from the category amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This edition contains additional information on international support measures, in particular on 'smooth transition' provisions for countries graduating from the LDC category