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"The book is significant in many aspects. Providing thorough analysis of historical evolution of Nordic countries´ VET systems over more than a millennium, it enables the reader to understand better contemporary VET systems not only in Nordic countries, but also in many other European countries. Because of its systematic approach to the evolution of VET systems, looking at the development of VET systems in parallel with development of economic and welfare systems, the book contributes to the understanding of VET as highly complex systems. At the same time, the book exemplifies how the culturally embedded value of equality manifests itself in the Nordic VET systems."

Krista Loogma is professor of vocational education at Tallinn University, Estonia. Her scientific interests cover education sociology, vocational education, workplace learning. Currently, she leads the research group of studies in vocational education and is engaged in the research of teachers´ professionalism.

"Creating and sustaining effective and inclusive vocational education and training is highly challenging. Governments worldwide seek answers and often look to the Nordic countries. This impressively researched book, providing the first comparative account of the evolution of VET in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark, presents the detailed critical analysis required for a more sophisticated approach to transnational policy learning. It should be required reading for policymakers and researchers who seek to understand the complex nature of national VET systems."

Lorna Unwin is Professor Emerita for Vocational Education at the Institute of Education, University College London.

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